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Sciatic nerve and roots, which form the former, are topographically connected with the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, so as with pelvic bones and with its ligaments and several muscles.
Lumbosacral part of the spine consists of five lumbar vertebrae and the sacral bone, formed by five fused sacral vertebrae together.
Lumbar vertebrae differ from the thoracic vertebrae by its size, location of articular sites and the lack of ribs. These are the largest vertebrae of the spine. Their body is of a semicircular shape; the back side of it is concave and forms the vertebral arch with a triangular hole. There are grooves on the top and bottom, which with the same cuts adjacent vertebrae form the spinal holes for nerves to exit on the arc, in place of its attachment to the body of a vertebra,.
The processes are distinguished on the arc of a vertebra as follows: bearded, sent back and a little bit down one; two transverse ones, which are off near the junction point of the arc with the body that are directed aside, and two pairs of joints`. Superior articular appendages are standing vertically in the sagittal plane of the plate with a cylindrical concave articular sites, which are inward and somewhat backward; areas of the lower are respectively convex and facing outward and forward.
Fifth lumbar vertebra is slightly different from the others. It could be found in different versions as to the size of the body and the transverse appendages, so as the junction with the sacrum. There are three types of joints of V lumbar vertebra with sacrum: 1) the proper positioning of facets, like in the rest of the vertebrae, 2) the cross arrangement of facets with one or another degree of inclination of the joints posteriorly; 3) the proper positioning of facets on one side and cross one to the another (dissociated type).
Owing to the peculiarities of the lumbar vertebras joints between themselves and with the sacrum in the lumbar-sacral part, movement of large capacity and that are more diverse than in the chest area are possible. In the part we are speaking about, movements are committed not only in the anteroposterior and lateral directions, but also around the vertical axis.
The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone consisting of five vertebras. This is clearly visible when viewed from the front surface of the sacrum. There is the channel inside the sacrum. It is a continuation of the spinal canal. There are front and rear openings (4 pairs) between each pair of vertebras of the sacrum. They are for exit of the front and rear branches of spinal nerves.
The canal is not closed at the lower end of the sacral (at the bottom and rear) and is a crack of different length, which serves to output of the V sacral and coccygeal nerves. There are articular grounds for the sacrum joints with the coccyx at the edges of the slit. There are scallops on the rear surface of the sacrum in the midline and on the sides. They correspond to awned ones, articular and transverse appendages of vertebras. Broad, cathing the three vertebras platforms for articulation with the ilium are on the sides of the sacrum.
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